witch
英 [w?t?]
美[w?t?]
- n. 巫婆，女巫
- vt. 迷惑；施巫術(shù)
GRECET6+TEM4考研中低頻詞常用詞匯
詞態(tài)變化
復(fù)數(shù):?witches;
助記提示
1、Wicca => wicc-.
2、wicc- => wich- => witch.
2、wicc- => wich- => witch.
中文詞源
witch 女巫，巫婆
來自古英語wicca,巫師，巫術(shù)，來自PIE*weik,選擇，獻(xiàn)祭，犧牲，詞源同victim,Wicca。引申詞義通靈，做法，召喚鬼神。
英文詞源
- witch
- witch: [OE] The close Germanic relatives of witch have died out, but it seems that it may be related to German weihen ‘consecrate’ and even, distantly, to English victim (etymologically ‘someone killed in a religious ritual’), so the word’s underlying signification is of a ‘priestess’. Wicked was derived from Old English wicca ‘wizard’, the masculine form of wicce, ancestor of modern English witch.
=> wicked - witch (n.)
- Old English wicce "female magician, sorceress," in later use especially "a woman supposed to have dealings with the devil or evil spirits and to be able by their cooperation to perform supernatural acts," fem. of Old English wicca "sorcerer, wizard, man who practices witchcraft or magic," from verb wiccian "to practice witchcraft" (compare Low German wikken, wicken "to use witchcraft," wikker, wicker "soothsayer").
OED says of uncertain origin; Liberman says "None of the proposed etymologies of witch is free from phonetic or semantic difficulties." Klein suggests connection with Old English wigle "divination," and wig, wih "idol." Watkins says the nouns represent a Proto-Germanic *wikkjaz "necromancer" (one who wakes the dead), from PIE *weg-yo-, from *weg- (2) "to be strong, be lively" (see wake (v.)).
That wicce once had a more specific sense than the later general one of "female magician, sorceress" perhaps is suggested by the presence of other words in Old English describing more specific kinds of magical craft. In the Laws of ?lfred (c.890), witchcraft was specifically singled out as a woman's craft, whose practitioners were not to be suffered to live among the West Saxons:Da f?mnan te gewuniae onfon gealdorcr?ftigan & scinl?can & wiccan, ne l?t tu ea libban."
The other two words combined with it here are gealdricge, a woman who practices "incantations," and scinl?ce "female wizard, woman magician," from a root meaning "phantom, evil spirit." Another word that appears in the Anglo-Saxon laws is lybl?ca "wizard, sorcerer," but with suggestions of skill in the use of drugs, because the root of the word is lybb "drug, poison, charm." Lybbestre was a fem. word meaning "sorceress," and lybcorn was the name of a certain medicinal seed (perhaps wild saffron). Weekley notes possible connection to Gothic weihs "holy" and German weihan "consecrate," and writes, "the priests of a suppressed religion naturally become magicians to its successors or opponents." In Anglo-Saxon glossaries, wicca renders Latin augur (c. 1100), and wicce stands for "pythoness, divinatricem." In the "Three Kings of Cologne" (c. 1400) wicca translates Magi:Te paynyms ... cleped te iij kyngis Magos, tat is to seye wicchis.
The glossary translates Latin necromantia ("demonum invocatio") with galdre, wiccecr?ft. The Anglo-Saxon poem called "Men's Crafts" has wiccr?ft, which appears to be the same word, and by its context means "skill with horses." In a c. 1250 translation of "Exodus," witches is used of the Egyptian midwives who save the newborn sons of the Hebrews: "De wicches hidden hem for-ean, Biforen pharaun nolden he ben." Witch in reference to a man survived in dialect into 20c., but the fem. form was so dominant by 1601 that men-witches or he-witch began to be used. Extended sense of "old, ugly, and crabbed or malignant woman" is from early 15c; that of "young woman or girl of bewitching aspect or manners" is first recorded 1740. Witch doctor is from 1718; applied to African magicians from 1836.At this day it is indifferent to say in the English tongue, 'she is a witch,' or 'she is a wise woman.' [Reginald Scot, "The Discoverie of Witchcraft," 1584]
雙語例句
- 1. They say she died after a witch cast a spell on her.
- 他們說她是被一個女巫施了魔法后死的。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. stories about a wicked witch
- 關(guān)于邪惡女巫的故事
來自《權(quán)威詞典》
- 3. The heartless witch cast a spell on the poor little girl.
- 狠心的女巫對孤苦無助的小女孩施了妖術(shù).
來自《簡明英漢詞典》
- 4. The witch charmed the prince.
- 女巫使王子中了魔法.
來自《簡明英漢詞典》
- 5. The witch was hideously ugly.
- 那個女巫丑得嚇人.
來自《簡明英漢詞典》